Pun

__History of the Word-__ The date of the earliest citation of //pun //given in the first edition of the //OED //is 1669. Now a 1644 example is known. The word seems to have emerged some time around 1640. This date tallies with the fact that Abraham Cowley’s comedy //The Guardian // (acted 1641) has a character Mr. Puny described as “a young Gallant, a pretender to Wit.” In the revised version of the play (1661), the adjective //Punish //occurs, with reference to that gentleman’s kind of wit. Cowley does not use the word //pun //, and we do not know how the name and the adjective were pronounced. On paper, //Puny //and //Punish // look like //puny //“tiny” and the verb //punish //respectively. Both must have had punning connotations. Names of this type were popular in Cowley’s days. For instance, Goldsmith and Sheridan have Mr. Slang (unfortunately, no lines are assigned to him) and Mr. Fag (//fag //“servant”). 18th-century dictionaries feature //pun //, which they define as //quibble, witty conceit, fancy //, and //clench //. “Play on words” was also mentioned regularly, but the original connotation of //pun // seems to have been “an over-subtle distinction” (this is what //clench //, a side-form of //<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">clinch //means), rather than what we today understand by it. [1] __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Current overview of the Word- __ There are an infinite number of concepts to describe in the world, but there are a very limited number of sounds. And so to use a limited number of sounds to describe an infinite number of ideas, there is bound to be phonetic overlap. Punning, therefore, is almost inevitable. By John Pollack <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[2] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Pun as a kind of wordplay has been accepted and used through a long history. From the praise made by Aristotle to Ciecro and the use by Shakespeare to Sir Francis Drake, it could be justifiably come to the conclusion that pun, as a form of wisdom use of words, had already been very popular in the ancient time. In modern society, it is also popular and used in various fields such as in business, in advertisings, daily discourses, and formal writings, speeches. Since the use of pun is an indirectly implication of one’s thought of humor, hatred, and for an rhetorical effect, it is always considered to be smart and humorous in both western and eastern culture. It sometimes requires an abundant of vocabulary, knowledge and culture to understand. It would be quite difficult for a foreigner outside one culture to understand pun jokes or words in one culture. l <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">Pun’s current uses-
 * < <span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Cooper Black','serif'; font-size: 24px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Contents List <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Cooper Black','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Introduction- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Cooper Black','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Definition-  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Cooper Black','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Examples-  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Cooper Black','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Typology-[8]  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Cooper Black','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Usage-  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Cooper Black','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Reference-  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: 'Cooper Black','serif'; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: auto;">Know more-  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 29px;">-Introduction **
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">In Movies-

Note: Picture 1: Nun (None) Of That Picture 2: Sister Act (n/v) <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">2. In Daily Discourse- I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my cousin Jack! All that I said was "Hi Jack", but very loud. (Hijack is a verb, which means “rob the airplane”) Submitted by Carcelli's family <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">[3] <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">3. In Formal writing or speeches- <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Gabriola; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 46.5pt; text-indent: 0cm;">You can tune a guitar, but you can’t tuna fish. Unless of course, you play bass. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Gabriola; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 46.5pt; text-indent: 0cm;">-douglas adams <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Gabriola; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 46.5pt; text-indent: 0cm;">The phrase uses the homophonic qualities of "tune a" and "tuna", as well as the homographic pun on "bass", in which ambiguity is reached through the identical spellings but different pronunciation of "bass": /'be?s/ (a string instrument), and /'bæs/ (a kind of fish). <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">4. In CARTOONS- <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">

__<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Pun- __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">is a clever or humorous play on words. Its effect is a function of multiple meaning. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[4] __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Relating Definitions- __ l <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 14px;">Paronomasia <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14px;">is the use of words that sound similar to other words, but have different meanings.[5] l <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">Wordplay- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">is a clever and funny use of a word.[6] l <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif';">Joke- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">is <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">something you say or do that is intended to make people laugh; something that is funny; to say things that are intended to make people laugh.[6]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 29px;">-Definition **

² <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">“And how many hours a day did you do lessons?” said Alice, in a hurry to change the subject.“Ten hours the first day,” said the Mock Turtle, “nine the next, and so on.”"What a curious plan!” exclaimed Alice.“That's the reason they're called lessons,” the Gryphon remarked: “because they lessen from day to day.[7]   ² <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">"We must all hang together, or we shall all hang separately."  <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; margin-left: 21pt; text-indent: 0cm;">By Benjamin Franklin __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Homographic Puns ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Homographic or antanaclasis puns play on the multiple meanings one word may have. This is one of the more common form of puns. For example, 'My girlfriend criticised my apartment, so I knocked her flat'. In the preceding example, the pun was created by alluding to the fact the word flat could have meant an apartment, or alluded to the girlfriend being knocked flat on her back. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Homophonic Puns ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Homophonic or polyptoton puns play on words that sound alike, but are spelled differently, and mean different things. For example, 'Seven days without laughter makes one weak'. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Double-sound Puns ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Double-sound puns refer to a word sounding similar to another word, however not identical to the sound of a word, such as homographic puns. A music teacher not at home may leave a note on their door saying, 'Gone Chopin, Bach in a Minuet'. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Ambigrams ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"> Ambigrams are a word or words that can be read in more than one way or from more than a single vantage point, such as both right side up and upside down. (From Latin: //ambi// meaning both and //gram// meaning letter.) Ambigrams are purely a visual play on words, but for they are included in this article for the sake of being thorough. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Palindromes ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"> Palindromes are spelled the same, backwards or forwards, such as 'mom', 'race car', or 'deified'. Entire phrases can be palindromes. Punctuation does not prevent a sentence or phrase from being considered a palindrome, eg, 'Dogma: I am God.' counts as a palindrome. Here are some more examples: ² A Santa pets rats, as Pat taps a star step at NASA. ² Anne, I vote more cars race Rome to Vienna. ² Deirdre wets altar of St. Simon's; no mists, for at last ewer dried. ² E. Borgnine drags Dad's gardening robe. ² Ed, I saw Harpo Marx ram Oprah W. aside. ² Embargos are macabre. Sad Nell, listen O! not to no nets - I'll lend a Serb a camera, so grab me! ² Golf? No sir, prefer prison-flog. <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Scarily enough, here's a 306-word palindrome, which begs the question, just how much spare time do some people have?. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Tom Swift ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"> Tom Swifty puns play on a relationship between an adverb, and an action spoken in dialogue. The original Tom Swift was a fictional title character in a series of children's books written by Edward L Stratemeyer (1862-1930). Tom Swifty puns satirize the writing of these books, and their simple '//Tom said, Tom did, Tom said//' writing. ² 'I've lost my trousers,' Tom said expansively. ² 'I've returned from the lobotomy,' Tom said absentmindedly. ² 'Let's dig up the bodies,' Tom said gravely. ² 'I don't like hot dogs,' Tom said frankly. ² 'No, you can't have any of my oysters,' said Tom shellfishly. ² 'I'd love some Chinese food,' said Tom wantonly. ² 'I want to date around,' said Tom unsteadily. ² 'Take the prisoner downstairs,' Tom said condescendingly. ² 'Drop the gun,' Tom said with a disarming smile. ² 'I lost my hair,' Tom bawled. ² 'I returned from Japan,' Tom said disorientedly. ² 'Is this sodomy?' Tom asked, half in Ernest. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Spoonerisms ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Spoonerisms are a result of changing around, especially accidentally, the initial sounds of two or more words when speaking, eg, 'well-boiled icicle' for well-oiled bicycle. Others include 'sky as a height', 'nark staked', and 'dain brammage'. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Oxymorons ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"> Oxymorons are rhetorical figures in which an epigrammatic effect is created by the conjunction of incongruous or contradictory terms. Basically, they are a working contradiction (which is an oxymoron unto itself). Some oxymorons are obvious, being simple opposites, eg, 'jumbo shrimp'. However, many other oxymorons are subjective to opinion: 'military intelligence' or 'Microsoft Works'. Other examples include: 'minor miracle', 'clearly confused', 'safe sex', 'original copies', 'found missing' and 'friendly fire'. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Anagrams ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Anagrams have always had a reputation as difficult, but they do constitute as word play. Anagrams are words, or phrases formed from rearranging the letters of other words and phrases. What kind of mind is it that can notice that 'two plus eleven' and 'one plus twelve' not only give the same result but use the same letters? Some notable anagrams include: ² Western Union = no wire unsent ² Circumstantial evidence = can ruin a selected victim ² A stitch in time saves nine = this is meant as incentive ² Funeral = real fun ² The Morse Code = Here come dots ² Victoria, England's Queen = governs a nice quiet land ² Intoxicate = excitation ² Schoolmaster = the classroom ² Mother-in-law = woman Hitler ² Ronald Wilson Reagan = Insane Anglo Warlord __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Pangrams ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Pangrams are a special form of poetry that include every letter of the alphabet, with as little repetition as possible: //Mr Jock, TV Quiz PhD, bags few lynx//. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Chiasmus ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"> Chiasmus is a figure of speech, where wit is conveyed through the reversal of words or phrases in clauses. Often used in verse, it becomes a poem of parallels. The word comes from the Greek letter Chi, which looks like an X. Most chiasmus follow an ABBA method, where word or phrase A is used in the a clause, then B, then B again, and finally A. A good example of this would be, 'Never let a fool kiss you, or a kiss fool you'. Some chiasmus can become lengthy to the point they are not obvious in their symmetry. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Tongue Twisters ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Tongue Twisters are an audible play on words, where the intent is rarely to convey an unexpected message, rather more often than not to trip up the reader who attempts to speak the twister. Often they are repeated rapidly several times. They are both amusing and frustrating at the same time. Much of Dr Seuss's work can be considered Tongue Twisters, but especially his book //Fox in Sox// which is one continuing Tongue Twister: ² Once upon a barren moor There dwelt a bear, also a boar, The bear could not bear the boar, The bear thought the boar was a bore. At last the bear could bear no more That boar that bored him on the moor. And so one morn he bored the boar- That boar will bore no more! or...    ² I am a pheasant plucker, I'm a pheasant-plucker's son, I will be plucking pheasants 'till the pheasant plucker comes //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">. //   __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Portmanteau ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Portmanteau words are words that are formed by telescoping two other words in on themselves. Such as bit (binary unit), avionics (aviation electronics), and motel (motor hotel). <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Portmanteau is itself a portmanteau word, originating from the French //portemanteau//, a compound formed from //porter// (to carry) and //manteau// (cloak). While technically, they play on words, they are rare and there will be little detail on them in this entry. __<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">Redefinition Wordplay ____<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">- __ <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">One does not need to play on the pronunciation, or spelling of a pun at all. Sometimes, a clever redefinition of a word can be considered a pun. These are sometimes referred to as //Daffynitions//. For example, 'Flashlight: a carrying case for dead batteries' or 'Shin: a device for finding tables in the dark' and finally, 'Professor: one who talks in someone else's sleep'. The definition was unexpected, and humorous. It played upon connotation rather than actual meaning of the word. Sometimes words that sound like groups of other words can be cleverly redefined as well. ² Alarms: what an octopus is. ² Crick: the sound that a Japanese camera makes. ² Dockyard: a physician's garden. ² Incongruous: where bills are passed. ² Khakis: what you need to start the car in Boston. ² Oboe: an English tramp. ² Pasteurise: too fast to see. ² Propaganda: a gentlemanly goose. ² Toboggan: why we go to an auction. <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Also, there are **extended** puns. Much in the same manner as metaphors, a pun can be carried out even after the pun is realised. These puns are seen as the least humorous, but can be both challenging and fun. //<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">Dangling by a thread, some questioned whether or not the tattered and frayed prosecution could patch up their case so close to clothesing arguments. But when pressed, the material witness in the suit came apart at the seams. 'Do not pull the wool over my eyes! Sew, it was you!' The tailor's lawyer had cotton on to her tapestry, woven together by lies, coated in tails. Some of us were on pins and needles, and one loony onlooker was in stitches. Leather or not the jury was suede was left to be steamed. //  <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">[8]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 29px;">-Examples **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 29px;">-Typology **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 29px;">-Usage **

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 5pt;">Puns are used in many fields with different purposes. In people’s daily life, puns are widely used to make jokes or to intend humor. In literatures, puns can be used to evoke audiences’ sympathetic responses or to give multiple meanings which can make the author himself sounds very smart. In designations, punning is the best choice to gain attention and more easier for people to bear the name in mind.

__<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">In daily life- __

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">In everyday life, puns are popular. The usage of pun in daily life is being classified as a source of fun more often. People use puns to indicate deeper meanings of a words or sentences and sometimes to show their sense of humor and wisdoms.

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">The famous Knock Knock Jokes are one typical kind of daily life jokes which includes the use of puns. For example:

Knock knock.

Who’s there?

Doris.

Doris who?

Doris locked that’s why I am knocking.

__<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">In literature- __

Non-humorous puns were and are a standard rhetorical and poetic device in [|English] literature. Puns and other forms of word play have been used by many famous writers, such as [|Alexander Pope], [|James Joyce] , [|Vladimir Nabokov] , [|Robert Bloch] , [|Lewis Carroll] , [|John Donne] , and [|William Shakespeare] , who is estimated to have used over 3,000 puns in [|his plays] .[9]

There are several examples to signify the usage of puns in literature. Shakespeare is a typical prolific pundit of puns. There is a famous pun uttered by Mercutio as he is dying in his Romeo and Juliet: “Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.”

__<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 19px;">In designation- __

With the free flow of information and the advanced communication hi-techs, people have more accesses to be exposed to greater amount of messages. Thus, having an eyeball catching name or a piece of advertisement is very important in the business sector in modern society. And this is the reason why lots of corporations, places, organizations, characters and advertisements are using puns.

<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; text-indent: 10.5pt;">Examples-

² Frank Einstein, Madman. <span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: Gabriola; font-size: 16px; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-align: left;">

This is a famous cartoon character, here Frank Einstein is using the last name of one of the greatest scientists of mankind Albert Einstein to indicates its intelligence or madness anyway? ² Bean Me Up Espresso, a coffee shop in Spokane, Washington.

² Aging is history, from a cosmetics company.

**<span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 29px;">-references **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[1] []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[2] John Pollack ,a former presidential speechwriter and the winner of the 1995 O. Henry World Championship Pun-Off

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[3] []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[4] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[5] []

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[6] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;"> Macmilian English-Chinese Dictionary

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">[7] //Alice’s Adventure in Wonderlands//, by Lewis Carroll

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">[8] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 13px;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[9][]


 * <span style="font-family: 'Copperplate Gothic Light','sans-serif'; font-size: 29px;">-Know More **

If you want to get more information please see:

[|www.wikipedia.com]

[|www.oupblog.com]

[|www.useit.com]